“No Super Serum, Blond Hair, or Blue Eyes”: Penggambaran Mesias Kulit Hitam melalui Figur Superhero
Keywords:
film superhero, Mesias, pembebasan, penindasan, teologi kulit hitam, the Falcon and the Winter Soldier
Abstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan suatu refleksi teologis melalui film dengan cara membandingkan karakter Mesias melalui perspektif teologi kulit hitam gagasan James H. Cone dengan karakter Falcon dalam serial the Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021). Melalui film superhero pun, penonton akan dapat lebih memahami isu-isu tertentu dan menarik refleksi teologis atasnya. Melalui metode kualitatif dan dibantu dengan pemahaman teologi kulit hitam James H. Cone, tulisan ini berusaha menemukan pesan teologis yang terkandung dalam serial the Falcon and the Winter Soldier. Pada akhirnya, melalui refleksi teologis atas serial the Falcon and the Winter Soldier, tulisan ini akan menghasilkan dan menyumbangkan sebuah gagasan dan cara berteologi yang kontekstual, yaitu memperlihatkan kesamaan antara sosok Mesias dalam diri Yesus Kristus secara historis maupun teologis menurut teologi kulit hitam dengan penggambaran sosok superhero Falcon dalam serial the Falcon and the Winter Soldier, yaitu berasal dari kelompok orang yang tertindas, namun melalui pelayanannya berupaya untuk menghadirkan pembebasan bagi orang lain yang juga tertindas.
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Barus, Daniel Opristanta. “Penyelamat Yang Berbalutkan Kekerasan: Dialog Film Bertema Kepahlawanan Dan Tradisi Kekristenan.” Aradha: Journal of Divinity, Peace and Conflict Studies 1, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 55–69.
Cloete, Anita L. “Film as Medium for Meaning Making: A Practical Theological Reflection.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 73, no. 4 (September 29, 2017): 1–6.
Cone, James H. Black Theology & Black Power. New York: Orbis Books, 1997.
Forbes. “‘Falcon And The Winter Solder’ Had A Much Bigger Debut Than ‘WandaVision.’” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2021/04/15/nielsens-marvel-falcon-and-the-winter-soldier-tops-wandavision-zack-snyder-justice-league/?sh=25a9d4624ec7.
Global News. “‘Falcon and Winter Soldier’ Director on Introducing a Black Captain America - National | Globalnews.Ca.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://globalnews.ca/news/7774398/falcon-and-winter-soldier-director-kari-skogland-interview/.
Harefa, Yulius. “Karakteristik Kemesiasan Yesus.” Jurnal Teologi: BMW-GO (January 1, 2017): 167–196.
Hayes, A. D.R. “Jesus as a Superhero?” Theology 117, no. 2 (2014): 100–106.
IMDb. “The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (TV Mini Series 2021) - IMDb.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9208876/.
Indonesia, CNBC. “Eternals Bikin Orang Tertarik Belajar Bahasa Isyarat, Kenapa?” Accessed July 18, 2022. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/lifestyle/20211112130018-33-291068/eternals-bikin-orang-tertarik-belajar-bahasa-isyarat-kenapa.
Joseph, Celucien L. “The Meaning of James H. Cone and the Significance of Black Theology: Some Reflections on His Legacy.” Black Theology 18, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 1–32.
Kaplan, Arie. From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and Comic Books. From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and Comic Books. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 2008.
Knauss, Stefanie. “Religion and Film.” Brill Research Perspectives in Theology 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 1–103.
Lee, A. C. “Christian Theology in Asia.” In Christian Theology in Asia, edited by Sebastian C.H. Kim, 179–204. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Martyr, Justin. Saint Justin Martyr : The First Apology, the Second Apology, Dialogue with Trypho, Exhortation to the Greeks, Discourse to the Greeks, the Monarchy, or the Rule of God. Edited by Thomas B. Falls. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1965.
Marvel. “‘The Falcon and The Winter Soldier’: Episode 1 Intel Report | Marvel.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/falcon-winter-soldier-episode-101-intel-report-recap.
———. “‘The Falcon and The Winter Soldier’: Episode 2 Intel Report | Marvel.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/falcon-winter-soldier-disney-plus-episode-2-intel-report-recap.
———. “‘The Falcon and The Winter Soldier’: Episode 3 Intel Report | Marvel.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/falcon-winter-soldier-disney-plus-episode-3-intel-report-recap.
———. “The Falcon and The Winter Soldier: Episode 4 Intel Report | Marvel.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/falcon-winter-soldier-disney-plus-episode-4-intel-report-recap.
———. “The Falcon and The Winter Soldier: Episode 5 Intel Report | Marvel.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/falcon-winter-soldier-disney-plus-episode-5-intel-report-recap.
———. “The Falcon and The Winter Soldier: Episode 6 Intel Report | Marvel.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/falcon-winter-soldier-disney-plus-episode-6-intel-report-recap.
Mojo, Box Office. “Top Lifetime Grosses - Box Office Mojo.” Accessed July 18, 2022. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW.
Morris, Tom, and Matt Morris. Superheroes and Philosophy: Truth, Justice, and the Socratic Way. Popular Culture and Philosophy. Peru: Open Court, 2005.
Norris, Kristopher. “James Cone’s Legacy for White Christians.” Political Theology 21, no. 3 (2020): 207–224.
Pears, Angie. Doing Contextual Theology. Doing Contextual Theology. New York: Routledge, 2009.
Plencner, Alexander, Denisa Kral’ovičová, and Martin Stropko. “Hero Transformations in Contemporary Mainstream Film.” European Journal of Science and Theology 10, no. 1 (2014): 79–92.
Rotten Tomatoes. “The Falcon and the Winter Soldier - Rotten Tomatoes.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_falcon_and_the_winter_soldier/s01.
———. “The Falcon and The Winter Soldier Director Kari Skogland on How Sam’s Story Resonates << Rotten Tomatoes – Movie and TV News.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/the-falcon-and-the-winter-soldier-director-kari-skogland-on-how-sams-story-resonates/.
Sjö, Sofia. “Postmodern Messiahs: The Changing Saviours of Contemporary Popular Culture.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 21 (2009): 176–192.
Suleni, Suleni, David Kristanto, Eliantri Putralin, and Malik Malik. “Anak Manusia Dan Hamba Yang Menderita: Kemesiasan Yesus Dalam Teologi Biblika Dan Implikasinya Bagi Orang Kristen Di Indonesia Pada Masa Kini.” Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi 4, no. 2 (2021): 144–154.
Surbakti, Pelita Hati. “Memperkaya Pemahaman Alkitab Dengan Perspektif Kepercayaan Lain: Interpretasi Sosio-Retorik Roma 2:12–16.” Gema Teologika: Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual dan Filsafat Keilahian 6, no. 2 (2021): 217–232.
The Hollywood Reporter. “How ‘Falcon and the Winter Soldier’ Director Kari Skogland Put Her Stamp on Marvel – The Hollywood Reporter.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/how-falcon-and-the-winter-soldier-director-kari-skogland-put-her-stamp-on-marvel-4153039/.
Vice. “Penelitian: Film Superhero Memberi Efek Negatif Pada Anak.” Accessed July 18, 2022. https://www.vice.com/id/article/3ddzzv/penelitian-film-superhero-memberi-efek-negatif-pada-anak.
Published
2023-04-30
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